Everything about Sidewalk totally explained
A
sidewalk (chiefly
North American English),
pavement (
British English and
Philadelphia dialect),
footpath (
Australian English,
Irish English,
Indian English and
New Zealand English) or
footway (
Engineering term) is a
path for pedestrians that's situated alongside a
road or formed like sidewalks that are alongside roads (such as a cement footpath through a park). A sidewalk may accommodate moderate changes in grade. However, "walkway" is a more complete term for support of walking, and includes stairs, ramps, paseos (passageways) and related off-street tools that provide for a developed pathway.
Construction of sidewalks
In the 19th century and early 20th century,
sidewalks of wood were common in some locations. They may still be found at historic beach locations and in conservation areas to protect the land beneath and around, called
boardwalks. Contemporary sidewalks are most often made of
concrete (particularly in the
United States and
Canada),
tarmac,
asphalt,
brick (particularly in
Europe),
stone,
slab or (increasingly)
rubber(External Link
). Multi-use paths alongside roads are sometimes made of materials that are softer than cement, such as asphalt.
In the
United States, the most common type of sidewalk consists of a poured concrete ribbon with cross-lying strain relief grooves at intervals of ~1 m; this is intended to minimize visible damage from tectonic and temperature fluctuations, both of which can crack longer segments. However, freeze-thaw cycles (in cold-weather regions) and tree root growth can eventually result in damage which requires repair. Brick sidewalks are found in some urban areas, usually for aesthetic purposes.
In the
United Kingdom suburban pavements are most commonly constructed of
tarmac similar to a typical roadway surface. In
urban or
inner-city areas pavements are most commonly constructed of slabs, stone, or brick depending upon the surrounding street
architecture and
furniture
Stone slabs called
flagstones or
flags are sometimes used where an attractive appearance is required, as in historic town centres. In other places, pre-cast concrete slabs (called
paving slabs or, less correctly,
paving stones) are used. These may be coloured or textured to resemble stone.
Effects of sidewalks
The Crash Reduction Factor (used to estimate the expected reduction of crashes during a given period) for the installation of sidewalks averages 74%.
Note that, compared to sidewalks, the maximum speed limit is a much more significant factor in the likelihood of a vehicle/pedestrian crash. Sidewalk presence has a risk ratio of 0.118, which means that the likelihood of a site with a paved sidewalk being a crash site is 88.2 percent lower than a site without a sidewalk. The speed limit risk ratio is 1.116, which means that a 16.1-km/h (10-mi/h) increase in the limit yields a factor of (1.116)
10 or 3.
Image Gallery
Image:Sidewalk Panoramic.jpg|Panoramic shot of a concrete sidewalk in Agoura Hills, California
Image:Venus De Sidewalk.JPG|a rendition of Venus on a sidewalk in NYC
Image:Mater_Dei.jpg|a sidewalk leads to Mater Dei High School in New Jersey.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Sidewalk'.
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